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In 1973–2011 in Poznań, aphid catches were carried out using Johnson’s suction trap. Since then the suction trap located at the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Poznań has continuously recorded the daily and seasonal dynamics of aphid flights. The collected results has been used to establish one of the largest databases of this type in Europe. The data also allow tracking...
The cotton leafhopper (Amrasca biguttula biguttula Ishida) is considered to be an alarming insect pest causing both quantitative and qualitative loss in cotton. In situ bioassay studies were done and the role of detoxifying enzymes in conferring resistance to neonicotinoid groups of insecticides in low (MUD), medium (DVG), high (HVR) and very high (GLB) pesticide usage areas of Karnataka were determined...
Eyespot can reduce yields, even up to 50%. There are four genetically characterized resistances in wheat varieties, controlled by: (1) the Pch1 gene, transferred from Aegilops ventricosa; (2) the Pch2 gene, originating from wheat variety Capelle Desprez; (3) the Pch3 gene, originating from Dasypyrum villosum; and (4) the Q.Pch.jic-5A gene, a quantitative trait locus (QTL) located on chromosome 5A...
Silicon plays an important role in providing tolerance to various abiotic stresses and augmenting plant resistance against diseases. However, there is a paucity of reports about the effect of silicon on bacterial and viral pathogens of plants. In general, the effect of silicon on plant resistance against bacterial diseases is considered to be due to either physical defense or increased biochemical...
The sugarcane stalk borers, Sesamia spp. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) are the most destructive sugarcane insect pests in Iran. The efficiency of Telenomus busseolae Gahan (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) used alone or in combination with silicon fertilization was investigated for controlling the sugarcane stalk borers under field conditions. The treatments were: a combination of silicon plus multiple releases...
A Polish isolate of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV-Pol1) was characterized by limited pathogenicity and a low concentration of virus particles in infected plant tissues. The aim of this research was to consider the possibility of seed-transmission dissemination of the virus. Seeds of winter wheat cv. Muszelka served as material for the studies. Two methods were involved in the diagnostics of...
Forty safflower genotypes were grown under normal irrigation and drought stress. In the first experiment, the allelopathic potential of shoot residues was evaluated using the sandwich method. Each genotype residue (0.4 g) was placed in a sterile Petri dish and two layers of agar were poured on that. Radish seeds were placed on agar medium. The radish seeds were cultivated without safflower residues...
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has emerged as an important pathogen of greenhouse tomato crops and is currently distributed worldwide. Population genetic studies have revealed a shift in the dominant PepMV genotype from European (EU) to Chilean 2 (CH2) in North America and several European countries. New genetic variants are constantly being created by mutation and recombination events. Single nucleotide...
The distribution of nematodes was studied in rice fields in Guilan province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016. Nematode biodiversity of 250 soil and root samples was examined. Thirty nematode species were identified morphologically, including plant parasites, microbivores and mycetophagous and predator species. Molecular techniques were also used for further identification of three plant parasitic species...
Alopecurus myosuroides seeds were sampled from 32 winter wheat fields from 2010 to 2014. Resistance to herbicides was detected in 17 A. myosuroides populations. In addition to single resistance to herbicides, cross-resistance and multiple resistance to acetolactate synthase (ALS)- and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase)-inhibiting herbicides were found. Application of sulfometuron and imazapyr...
Solanaceous plants have a great economic impact in Egypt. These groups of plants include potatoes, tomatoes and eggplants. The new invasive pest of tomatoes, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) causes the greatest crop losses which can range from 60 to 100%. After its detection in Egypt during the last half of 2009, it spread quickly to all provinces in the country. We aiming to propose a sustainable control...
Trapping by specific sex pheromones initiated in 2009 to monitor three pests, peach twig borer (Anarsia lineatella), oriental fruit moth (Cydia molesta) and plum fruit moth (Grapholita funebrana) revealed the greater importance of peach twig borer in comparison to the others. The results of monitoring the development of larval stages over time and the accumulated degree-days from biofix show that...
Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) is a specific branch point enzyme of primary and secondary metabolism. It plays a key role in plant development and defense mechanisms. Phenylalanine ammonia lyase from Hevea brasiliensis (HbPAL) presented a complete open reading frame (ORF) of 2,145 bp with 721 encoded amino acids. The sequence alignment indicated that the amino acid sequence of HbPAL shared a high...
Bacterial leaf blight is one of the major diseases in rice and affects yields. Thus, various methods have been applied to protect rice from this disease. Here, we show systemic translocation of the human drug niclosamide (5-chloro-N-(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)- 2-hydroxybenzamide) in rice and its long-term effect on prevention of rice leaf blight. The development of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae-induced...
Demographic toxicology is recommended for toxicity determination of the long term effects of a pesticide since it gives a more accurate and efficient measure of the effect of a pesticide. Thus, in the current study the sublethal effects of pirimicarb (carbamate insecticide) two concentrations of LC30 and LC10 were used against third instar larvae of Hippodamia variegata (Goeze) in order to determine...
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